The initial capital amounted to Lire 6,000,000 divided into 12,000 shares of Lire 500 each (pp. “The bearer share owned steam navigation company” called Lloyd Italiano, based in Genoa, was established by Royal Decree on 23 October 1871 (pp. Research on the Bengala steamer, currently limited more than anything else to historical events, in the future may constitute an interesting test both in terms of archaeological investigation methodology, and for the contribution it can offer to the debate on technological and naval aspects of the steamships of the time. Among the better studied ones is undoubtedly the famous wreck of the Pollux (1837–1841), which was at the center of an international controversy and whose depredation by British treasure hunters was fortunately foiled by the Italian authorities in Tuscan waters. Perfetto for the Kingdom of the two Sicilies), we must point out that from the archaeological point of view there are still few studies concerning the individual steamships. De Rossi for the Regno di Sardegna, of C. This is followed by the analysis of underwater archaeological evidence, with a view to carrying out more detailed investigations in the near future.Īlthough there are overall studies, often very accurate, concerning the history of the 19th-century Italian steam merchant shipping (such as the recent and well-structured cataloging of Raffaele Rubattino’s fleet by P. For this reason, in the pages that follow, a broad historical account of the events concerning the steamer is offered for the first time, linking them to the complex events of the Italian merchant navy of that period. Until now, no scientific study has been dedicated to this topic and the few references in the literature are often incorrect. The steamer was sold for the last time at the launch of the Navigazione Generale Italiana in 1881, one of the largest shipping companies in Europe. In 1876 her ownership changed once more and she became part of the fleet of the Genoese shipping company Rubattino and Co. In 1872 she was sold to the Lloyd Italiano company and was rechristened as Livorno. (Sunderland), with the name of Mecca and her British owner was Mr. She was built and launched in 1871 in Sunderland (Great Britain) in the yards of Iliff, Mounsey, and Co. In the waters of the Calabrian Ionian Sea, off Isola di Capo Rizzuto (Crotone, Italy) and at a depth of 26–29 m, lies the wreck of Bengala, an iron screw-steamer foundered in 1889.
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